Extremely strong solvent dependence of the S1→ S0internal conversion lifetime of 12′-apo-β-caroten-12′-al

Extremely strong solvent dependence of the S1--> S0 internal conversion lifetime of 12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.

The ultrafast internal conversion (IC) dynamics of the carbonyl carotenoid 12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al has been investigated in solvents of varying polarity using time-resolved femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The molecules were excited to the S(2) state by a pump beam of either 390 or 470 nm. The subsequent intramolecular dynamics were detected at several probe wavelengths coveri...

Excited-State Dynamics of 12′-Apo- -caroten-12′-al and 8′-Apo- -caroten-8′-al in Supercritical CO2, N2O, and CF3H

The ultrafast excited-state dynamics of the two carbonyl carotenoids 12′-apo-caroten-12′-al (12′C) and 8′-apo-caroten-8′-al (8′C) have been investigated in supercritical (sc) fluids by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. CO2, N2O, and CF3H were employed as solvent media over the pressure range 85-300 bar and at the temperatures 308 and 323 K. The carotenoids were excited to the S2 st...

Solvent - dependent ultrafast internal conversion dynamics of n 0 - apo - b - carotenoic - n 0 - acids ( n = 8 , 10 , 12 )

The ultrafast internal conversion dynamics of 120-apo-b-carotenoic-120-acid (120CA), 100-apo-bcarotenoic-100-acid (100CA) and 80-apo-b-carotenoic-80-acid (80CA) have been investigated by femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy. The three apocarotenoic acids were excited to the S2 state with different excess energies. Time constants t1 for the IC process S1/ICT S0 were measured by probing the dynami...

Psychodynamics of Drug Dependence, 12

a generalization of strong causality

در این رساله t_n - علیت قوی تعریف می شود. این رده ها در جدول علیت فضا- زمان بین علیت پایدار و علیت قوی قرار دارند. یک قضیه برای رده بندی آنها ثابت می شود و t_n- علیت قوی با رده های علی کارتر مقایسه می شود. همچنین ثابت می شود که علیت فشرده پایدار از t_n - علیت قوی نتیجه می شود. بعلاوه به بررسی رابطه نظریه دامنه ها با نسبیت عام می پردازیم و ثابت می کنیم که نوع خاصی از فضا- زمان های علی پایدار, ب...